18th Century
Earliest among the collection are religious in themes and composed of 18th century icons and images created by local artisans under the tutelage of the friars. The devotional pieces of the collection are of outstanding significance.
Retablo
It is an upright panel, intricately carved and highly decorated. Its wooden frame contains ledges and panels behind and above the altar. The main feature of old Roman Catholic churches in the country is the retablo, the altarpiece.
Furthermore, it also has several niches for the patron saint, usually located in the topmost portion. Other saints affiliated to the religious order occupy both sides of the second and third levels.
Furthermore, it also has several niches for the patron saint, usually located in the topmost portion. Other saints affiliated to the religious order occupy both sides of the second and third levels.
19th Century
During the late Spanish colonial period, the school of Academism or “salon” painting emerged and produced the likes of Juan N. Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo, who are now considered as 19th century masters.
Spolarium
The painting features a glimpse of Roman history centered on the bloody carnage brought by gladiatorial matches. Spoliarium is a Latin word referring to the basement of the Roman Colosseum where the fallen and dying gladiators are dumped and devoid of their worldly possessions.At the center of Luna’s painting are fallen gladiators being dragged by Roman soldiers. On the left, spectators ardently await their chance to strip off the combatants of their metal helmets and other armory. In contrast with the charged emotions featured on the left, the right side meanwhile presents a somber mood. An old man carries a torch perhaps searching for his son while a woman weeps the death of her loved one.
1900s
In the succeeding American period, Fernando C. Amorsolo, who was later declared as the First National Artist, rose into fame and established his own style or “school” which was largely characterized by countryside scenery with golden sunlight
.La descencion deJesus
The artwork in hi-relief is an interpretation of Reuben’s oil-on-canvas original. It depicts the moment when Christ was taken down from the cross by Joseph of Arimathea in the presence of His disciples and Mother Mary. Noteworthy is the meticulous rendition of several figures with anatomical and dimensional precision.
The relief is an interpretation of the 13th Station of the Cross as found in all Roman Catholic Churches. The Stations of the Cross have been an educational forum for the Catholic Church to bring the Biblical events to the masses.
Graciano T. Nepomuceno was the leading sculptor and santero (icon maker) during the early 1900’s. He was the predecessor of Guillermo Tolentino, National Artist, in the University of the Philippines.
The relief is an interpretation of the 13th Station of the Cross as found in all Roman Catholic Churches. The Stations of the Cross have been an educational forum for the Catholic Church to bring the Biblical events to the masses.
Graciano T. Nepomuceno was the leading sculptor and santero (icon maker) during the early 1900’s. He was the predecessor of Guillermo Tolentino, National Artist, in the University of the Philippines.
1920s
The period is represented by the proliferation of genre themes, landscapes and still lifes as well as the emergence of pre-modernism.
The Bust of Mons. G. Aglipay highlights the distinctive features that are trademarks of Guillermo Tolentino sculptures whether in terra cotta or bronze - perfect anatomy with particular emphasis in the eyes and character of the subject. Take note of the meticulous rendition of the cloth wherein the folds and texture are meticulously captured including the seemingly authoritarian look of the figure.
The subject, Monsignor Gregorio Aglipay, was a former Catholic priest that became the founding bishop of the Philippine Independent Church (Iglesia Filipina Independiente) also known as the Aglipay Church.
The classical style of sculpture in the Philippines is the pioneering effort of Guillermo E. Tolentino. He championed the cause for classical art in the Philippines withstanding several critics in the advent of modernization in the Philippine art.
The subject, Monsignor Gregorio Aglipay, was a former Catholic priest that became the founding bishop of the Philippine Independent Church (Iglesia Filipina Independiente) also known as the Aglipay Church.
The classical style of sculpture in the Philippines is the pioneering effort of Guillermo E. Tolentino. He championed the cause for classical art in the Philippines withstanding several critics in the advent of modernization in the Philippine art.
1930s: Pre-modernism
Artists represented in the collection: Victorio Edades, Diosdado Lorenzo, Galo Ocampo, Carlos Francisco, Gabriel Custodio, Vicente Manansala, Ricarte Purruganan, Romeo Tabuena, and others.
1942-1945
A suspension on artistic activity was prevalent during the Japanese occupation. However, some visual artists still managed to produce artworks based on the atrocities brought by the war.
Artists represented in the collection: Dominador Castañeda, Demetrio Diego, Diosdado Lorenzo, Romeo Tabuena, Gene Cabrera and others.
Artists represented in the collection: Dominador Castañeda, Demetrio Diego, Diosdado Lorenzo, Romeo Tabuena, Gene Cabrera and others.
1946-1949
After the Japanese occupation, the art community sprang back to life. Various themes and styles were explored and pioneered by Filipino artists who gained experience abroad.
Mural painting emerged, spearheaded by Carlos Francisco. Art Association of the Philippines (AAP) was established in 1948.
Burning of Sto. Domingo
1946-1949
Fernando C. Amorsolo
Fernando C. Amorsolo
Amorsolo was able to capture on canvas the magnitude of the fire as well as the concerted effort of the firemen and the clergy to save the sanctuary. Noteworthy was his rendition of intensity of the fire through the application of hues, texture, and perspective, which were his trademarks. His early works such as this have a hyper-realistic style.
The original church structure, which was of gothic architecture, was previously located within Intramuros (Manila) and managed by the Dominican Order. It was one of the landmarks of Old Manila and frequented by devotees because of the alleged miraculous image of the Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary (Nuestra Señora del Rosario de la Naval). The image is now enshrined in the new church located in Quezon Avenue, Quezon City.
The original church structure, which was of gothic architecture, was previously located within Intramuros (Manila) and managed by the Dominican Order. It was one of the landmarks of Old Manila and frequented by devotees because of the alleged miraculous image of the Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary (Nuestra Señora del Rosario de la Naval). The image is now enshrined in the new church located in Quezon Avenue, Quezon City.
1950s
The Philippine Art Gallery (PAG) was founded with young modernists as the leading figures. Emergence of different schools of thought (e.g. school of Botong Francisco, school of Manansala, emergence of the “Mabini” art group).
Christmas Card Series, composed of 12 prints, is a creative effort of Manuel Rodriguez Sr. This series depicts themes associated with the Christmas season while incorporating local touches that can be seen in his renditions of mother-and -child, three magi, spruced up church and ancestral houses, pig roasting, and other genre scenes. Since the lantern (or parol) is a favorite Christmas decoration in the Philippines, it is prevalent in all of the artworks.Christmas is the much awaited and longest celebrated tradition in the Philippines. Although the Western Christmas celebration may involve Christmas trees, wreaths, bell, and Santa Claus, this series fuses the art of print-making with another popular Western practice, that of card-giving on special occasions.
1960s
Modern art reached its peak.
Modern art reached its peak.
Ang Kiuko
Most of the artists in the 1960’s continued to produce important works in this period. Emergence of different movements such as People’s Art or Art for the Masses, Protest Art, Social Realism, and the institutionalization of the National Artist Award (1972). 11 National Artists whose works are represented in the collection:
Ink Fish is a figurative abstract painting of an undersea life with three skeletal fish as prominent figures and full of colors. It was one of Ang Kiukok’s early works in the 1960s generally described as distorted, disjointed, and full of geometric skeletons with overlapping geometric forms. The subject borders on the artist’s social commentaries on the realities of life.
Ang Kiukok, declared National Artist for Painting in 2002, emerged in the 1960s as one of the second generation of modernists. His cubist style was influenced by his master, National Artist Vicente Manansala.
Ang Kiukok, declared National Artist for Painting in 2002, emerged in the 1960s as one of the second generation of modernists. His cubist style was influenced by his master, National Artist Vicente Manansala.
1970s
Most of the artists in the 1960’s continued to produce important works in this period. Emergence of different movements such as People’s Art or Art for the Masses, Protest Art, Social Realism, and the institutionalization of the National Artist Award (1972). 11 National Artists whose works are represented in the collection:
Hills of Nikko
One such fine example of non-figurative abstract expressionism is the Hills of Nikko. It is the artist’s interpretation of one of the existing hills in Nikko, Japan. During wintertime, the hill’s imperfections are thoroughly covered by snow. However, during summertime, those imperfections are expressed by the artist in terms of bold brush strokes and super-imposition of lines.
The painting is actually an allegory to human imperfections. The earth colors symbolize the weaknesses and limitations of humanity while the hues of greens and blues represent life and hope. The white background represents the snow that starts to envelop the mound. In the process, the entire imperfection will be covered thus presenting the cycle of life.
1960s
Jose T. Joya
Jose T. Joya
One such fine example of non-figurative abstract expressionism is the Hills of Nikko. It is the artist’s interpretation of one of the existing hills in Nikko, Japan. During wintertime, the hill’s imperfections are thoroughly covered by snow. However, during summertime, those imperfections are expressed by the artist in terms of bold brush strokes and super-imposition of lines.The painting is actually an allegory to human imperfections. The earth colors symbolize the weaknesses and limitations of humanity while the hues of greens and blues represent life and hope. The white background represents the snow that starts to envelop the mound. In the process, the entire imperfection will be covered thus presenting the cycle of life.
1980s
1990s
2000 to present
Philippine art has come a long way, from the primitive ingenuity of the Filipinos to the present avante-garde artists exploring all possible techniques and schools ranging from the traditionalists, representationalists, abstractionists, abstract expressionists, semi-abstractionists, figurative expressionists, non-objectivists and other forms of -isms.
The period is characterized by a revival of traditional art and ethnic art. Contemporary sculpture became an integral part of buildings and parks.
Artists in the collection: Eduardo Castrillo, Ramon Orlina, Solomon Saprid, Raul Isidro, Red Mansueto, Charito Bitanga, Phillip Victor, Emilio Aguilar Cruz, Federico Alcuaz, Al Perez, Virginia T. Navarro, Abdul Mari Imao, Rey Paz Contreras, Jerusalino Araos, Norris Castillo, and others.
Artists in the collection: Eduardo Castrillo, Ramon Orlina, Solomon Saprid, Raul Isidro, Red Mansueto, Charito Bitanga, Phillip Victor, Emilio Aguilar Cruz, Federico Alcuaz, Al Perez, Virginia T. Navarro, Abdul Mari Imao, Rey Paz Contreras, Jerusalino Araos, Norris Castillo, and others.
1990s
New generation of painters, sculptors and printmakers expressing their personal feelings and expressions emerged. Great art movement in Europe and the Americas gained entry to the local scene such as installation art and experimental art. Galleries and museums were institutionalized spearheading activities in the cultural scene.
Artists represented in the collection: Ibarra dela Rosa, Prudencio Lamarroza, Elizabeth Chan, Eduardo Castrillo, Pacita Abad, Fil dela Cruz, Romulo Galicano, Symfronio Y. Mendoza, Godofredo Y. Mendoza, Rafael Pacheco, and others.
Artists represented in the collection: Ibarra dela Rosa, Prudencio Lamarroza, Elizabeth Chan, Eduardo Castrillo, Pacita Abad, Fil dela Cruz, Romulo Galicano, Symfronio Y. Mendoza, Godofredo Y. Mendoza, Rafael Pacheco, and others.
2000 to present
Philippine art has come a long way, from the primitive ingenuity of the Filipinos to the present avante-garde artists exploring all possible techniques and schools ranging from the traditionalists, representationalists, abstractionists, abstract expressionists, semi-abstractionists, figurative expressionists, non-objectivists and other forms of -isms.
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